Free Essays on Affrimative Action

Affirmative Action Affirmative action is a major legal issue in our country today. Many people have many different opinions on the subject today. Some say that it is a moral issue that has nothing to do with the legal system. However others say it is a necessity in order for blacks and woman to catch up to the white males who have suppressed them throughout history. I think this issue is an important one because it has to do with discrimination on both sides. I will be explaining the opinion of authors Charles Murray and James P. Sterba, and the problems I see with affirmative action. Charles Murray has an approach to affirmative action that most people that are against do not argue. He argues that affirmative action hurts minorities, and will continue to hurt them in the future. He feels that it is making things worse, not better for society. He comes up with a group of people that he labels the new racists. These new racists are typically well intentioned white people who firmly believe in affirmative action. They do not think blacks are inferior, and they support civil rights. They do not look at blacks with malice as the old racists did. These new racists think that minorities are only there because the company has to hire a certain number of them. This can hurt the minorities self of steam and job. Murray also suggests that using affirmative action programs in college applications is a bad situation for minorities to get into. An example would be two seniors in high school, one black and one white. They each score the same on their ACT. With the affirmative action programs the black kid goes to Harvard, and the white kid attends Purdue. The kid that attends Harvard does not have the background to make good achievements. He is frustrated and begins to feel a low self-esteem. The black kid either drops out or continues his low grades at Harvard with a feeling that he does not belong. The white kid is rec... Free Essays on Affrimative Action Free Essays on Affrimative Action Affirmative Action Affirmative action is a plan made to end discrimination by guaranteeing minorities will be hired. The United States uses this practice to hire, but the qualifications of such people are occasionally overlooked. Many people believe that affirmative action is a very effective plan. The other people who oppose such action include people of various minorities, as well as many others who have been wronged by the plan. We live in a small town where there are very few minorities but in the big cities, it’s a very big deal. In several cases, this plan causes minorities to be thought of as being under qualified when hired and it also causes a new minority, the white male. Our government needs to acknowledge the fact that affirmative action is not putting an end to discrimination. This plan has succeeded in creating new minorities and more reasons for discrimination. Affirmative action frequently causes qualified employees to be looked down upon because some believe them to be "affirmative action hires." My boss at work is a woman and as a result I have encountered many discriminatory comments pertaining to her position. The first remark I usually receive suggestions that she was hired for her position solely based on gender. You might have also encountered a negative remark about a woman in your family such as: "Well, being a woman probably didn't hurt her resume." My boss is very good at her manager job yet most males look down upon her as being hired because of affirmative action. This type of criticism is received by many minorities holding good jobs, whether they are qualified or not. William Reynolds, assistant attorney general in the civil rights division states, â€Å"In many cases, affirmative action takes away from legitimate minority success. People look at the black banker downtown who has made it on his own and say, ‘He got hi s job because of affirmative action.’† People of any race or gender shou... Free Essays on Affrimative Action Affirmative Action Affirmative action is a major legal issue in our country today. Many people have many different opinions on the subject today. Some say that it is a moral issue that has nothing to do with the legal system. However others say it is a necessity in order for blacks and woman to catch up to the white males who have suppressed them throughout history. I think this issue is an important one because it has to do with discrimination on both sides. I will be explaining the opinion of authors Charles Murray and James P. Sterba, and the problems I see with affirmative action. Charles Murray has an approach to affirmative action that most people that are against do not argue. He argues that affirmative action hurts minorities, and will continue to hurt them in the future. He feels that it is making things worse, not better for society. He comes up with a group of people that he labels the new racists. These new racists are typically well intentioned white people who firmly believe in affirmative action. They do not think blacks are inferior, and they support civil rights. They do not look at blacks with malice as the old racists did. These new racists think that minorities are only there because the company has to hire a certain number of them. This can hurt the minorities self of steam and job. Murray also suggests that using affirmative action programs in college applications is a bad situation for minorities to get into. An example would be two seniors in high school, one black and one white. They each score the same on their ACT. With the affirmative action programs the black kid goes to Harvard, and the white kid attends Purdue. The kid that attends Harvard does not have the background to make good achievements. He is frustrated and begins to feel a low self-esteem. The black kid either drops out or continues his low grades at Harvard with a feeling that he does not belong. The white kid is rec...

David Gregg and the History of the Optical Disk

David Gregg and the History of the Optical Disk An optical disk is a plastic-coated disk that stores digital data. Tiny pits are etched into the disk surface that are read with a laser scanning the surface. The technology behind the optical disk is the foundation for similiar formats including CDs and DVDs. David Gregg The optical disk is an analog video optical disk format. The original format provided full bandwidth composite video and two analog audio tracks (digital audio tracks were added later). The optical disk (commonly known as the laser disc as trademarked by Pioneer) was replaced in popularity by the introduction of DVD in 1997. David Gregg Speaks on the Invention of the Optical Disk ...By dumbing down an electron beam to visible wavelengths, modulating it to the standard PWM video frequency, and reducing the power to photoresistive requirements, an e-beam optical videodisk mastering system was practical and commercially available in the late 50s. However, this simple and practical means of mastering was abandoned by others in favor of more costly and time delaying technology: the laser, the supreme toy of the moment for techies. Impact of David Greggs Patents Digital Versatile Disc or DVD and LaserDisc from PioneerMiniDisc from Sony Compact Disc or CD from Philips the 3M Company List of Patents for Optical Disk Technology Continue Extract from Optical Disk Patent Special thanks goes to Tom Peterson for providing information for this page including the words of David Gregg. David Gregg was Toms father by adoption. A transparent plastic disc is described in the Copending Application Ser. No. 627,701, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,430,966, issued March 4, 1969, in which picture information in the form of video signals is recorded on one or both sides of the disc. The recorded picture information on the disc is intended to be reproduced, for example, through a television receiver, by playing the disc on a turntable and by directing a light beam through the disc, as described in the Copending Application Ser. No. 507,474 now, abandoned, and its continuation-in-part application, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,530,258. The light beam is modulated by the video recordings on the disc, and a pick-up head is provided which responds to the resulting light signals to transform them into corresponding electrical video or picture signals for playback purposes. The present invention is concerned with such a video disc record, and with a duplication process by which a multiplicity of such records may be mass-produced from a master record die. The material of the disc record surface is made such to be appropriate for embossing and to enable, under suitable temperature conditions, a slight force pressing the disc surface against a master die to cause the impressions on the surface of the die to be embossed into the surface of the disc. With such an embossing process, there is no transverse flow of the disc material, as occurs in the usual prior art stamping or molding processes, as are presently being used in the production of phonograph sound records, for example, and by which the actual surface of the record is raised above its melting point. The stamping techniques presently being used in the manufacture of phonograph records are not suitable for the extraordinarily fine microgrooves and patterns required by video frequency recordings of picture information. Such stamping techniques as are presently being used in the production of phonograph sound records require that the master record die be heated to a temperature above the melting point of the vinyl or other plastic material used in the phonograph record. In the prior art phonograph record duplicating process, a biscuit of the vinyl or other plastic material is placed in a stamper, and the heated master record die is brought down onto one or both surfaces of the biscuit. The plastic of the biscuit surface is melted and caused to flow radially into the spaces defined by the impressions on the master die surface. As mentioned above, this stamping technique by present day standards appears to be unsuited for the extremely fine micro-spiral grooves required for video frequency recordings. As an alternative to the present day practice, and as will be described, a video disc record blank of laminated transparent plastic construction may be provided, the laminated record having a surface layer of relatively soft transparent plastic of any suitable known type, and which can be readily embossed; and a supporting base of a rigid plastic, such as an acrylic resin or polyvinyl chloride. As a first step in the alternate approach, the laminated disc record blank is heated to a point at which the surface tension of the surface material causes the surface to be smooth and regular. This temperature is the critical temperature at which embossed impressions may be formed on the disc surface, and it is below the melting point of the surface material. The embossing die(s) is(are) heated to a temperature slightly above the critical temperature, and it(they) and the record blank are brought together with a slight pressure. As the die(s) and the record blank are brought together, the die(s) is(are) cooled to the aforesaid critical temperature, and its (their) surface impressions are embossed into the surface(s) of the record. Obviously, if two sides are being embossed, two embossing dies are required. The supporting structure would require modification, but such modification is well within the skill of the art. After the disc record has been embossed, as described above, an opaque mask is deposited into the portions of its surface around the resulting embossed micro-grooves. This latter mask may be formed on the disc by using a vacuum deposition technique, as will be described. The aforesaid disc record, when laminated in accordance with the aforesaid alternate approach, is used in order to present the desired surface characteristics for optimum embossing capabilities, and yet so that the record itself may be rugged and suitable for rough usage. The laminated structure of the record comprises reasonably tough and dimensionally stable clear plastic for the main body of the disc; and a plastic material on one or both surfaces of the disc which is most suited for embossing. The combination provides a video record disc which is useful, which can take on appropriate amount of handling, and which still can be embossed easily and effectively.